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What is the L.A. City Council's role?

Those who follow city government closely say the Los Angeles’ City Council is the most powerful city council in the United States. At just 15 members, each person elected to serve represents about 260,000 residents within a specific geographic area.

How does that stack up against other big cities? Well, two other big cities in the nation — New York and Chicago — have 51 and 50 city council members, respectively.

Back in 1925, when the city made the switch from at-large representation to districts, each council member represented fewer than 39,000 people. Some observers of L.A. politics, including the Los Angeles Times editorial board, argue it’s time to expand the council. But for right now, we’re talking about 15 council seats, of which eight are currently up for election.

Note: These districts went through an extensive review and reshaping based on the results of the 2020 Census. So you might not be voting in the same city council district as you did in 2020.

With so much power in relatively few hands, the relationship the mayor has with the council is particularly important. The mayor needs the council's support to enact policy. Think of the council as L.A.'s legislature. While the mayor can make proposals and rally public support, it’s the council that writes and passes the laws.

What exactly do members of the City Council do?

• Create local laws, known as ordinances (the mayor then approves or vetoes those ordinances)
• Order elections
• Impose and regulate city taxes
• Authorize public improvements
• Approve city contracts
• Adopt traffic regulations 

Council members also vote on the mayor's proposed annual budget, which allocates funds for city departments. In all, the city employs about 50,000 people — second only to New York City — in more than 40 departments. It’s a lot of money to hold the purse strings for: The city’s proposed FY 2022-23 budget totals just under $12 billion.

Here are some of the things they don’t do

• Oversee the Los Angeles Unified School District (the school board does that) 
• Oversee social services like mental health (this is handled at the county level) 
• Make decisions regarding people who live in unincorporated areas of the county (places that aren’t part of the city of Los Angeles or any other city) or people who live in other incorporated cities, like West Hollywood or Inglewood

How does the city council work?

The council is governed by a set of rules covering everything from when and how often it meets to who runs the meetings (the president, who is selected by fellow council members) and how the public can participate.

In addition to regular meetings of the full council, there are numerous committee meetings focused on areas like transportation, public health, budget and finance, immigrant affairs, public safety, and information and technology. Some cover a range of topics, including the "Energy, Climate Change, Environmental Justice, and River Committee" and the "Personnel, Audits, and Animal Welfare Committee."

See a full list of council committees and their meeting schedule.

A City Council term is four years; a council member can serve a maximum of three terms. The current annual salary for a council member is about $224,000.

You might recognize their work from…

The City Council works as a collective to pass laws that affect the entire city, but your council member can have a big impact on your community. That’s because council members have a lot of power to direct funds within their districts.

For example, council members typically have discretion over money earmarked for transportation safety improvements in their district. LAist previously reported on how this played out in two different districts where pedestrians were killed at intersections — in District 5, traffic safety upgrades came less than two months after the pedestrian died, while the other community, which sits in District 10, has been waiting for more than two years for similar improvements.

Council members also have a lot of discretion over how strongly to enforce city ordinances, like the anti-camping ban, which forbids people who are unhoused from camping on public property that's close to schools, parks, libraries, underpasses and other locations. If the ordinance is not enforced consistently, this means a person living outside in a tent might have a significantly different experience depending on which district they live in.

What’s on the agenda for next term?

• Policing: The city council sets the budget for the L.A. Police Department, and funding for law enforcement remains a contentious issue. Some residents continue to call for cutting the LAPD budget, some call for defunding the police altogether, and others want more police hired to combat crime.
• Homelessness: The number of people living on the streets continues to climb. The city council is the main check-and-balance to control how money is spent on the homelessness crisis. Under L.A. Mayor Karen Bass’ administration, that’s big money. The mayor ushered in unprecedented spending on homelessness during her first year in office. City council members have a lot of control in their districts over how city dollars are spent, what type of housing is allowed where, and how LAPD officers handle enforcement against unhoused people. 
• Housing: City council members play a big role in where development is allowed in their districts, as well as what types of housing is built. State law requires the city of L.A. to plan for 185,000 new low-income homes by 2029. That means those decisions have urgency. Council members will be working with constituents to update community plans that set rules for housing density and other future development. They’ll also need to cut down on bureaucratic delays that have slowed down housing approvals and made the city vulnerable to lawsuits. The end of COVID protections for renters is likely to mean new challenges as rents rise again and some worry a wave of evictions is coming, which could worsen the homelessness crisis.
• Transportation and mobility: The city is falling far short of promises to end traffic deaths by 2025, with the death toll instead rising sharply. The city council recently called for an audit of Vision Zero, the program created to meet that ambitious goal. In the recent past, council members who tried to implement what’s known as “traffic calming” measures to increase pedestrian and bicyclist safety have faced sharp pushback from constituents. 
• Government reform: In the last few years, three former city council members have been convicted of corruption. Two more stand accused of it. In response, the city council has placed on the November ballot a measure to create an independent redistricting commission that would draw council boundaries instead of council members doing it themselves. More reforms are being considered, including the council considering two more measures on the ballot. One would expand the size of the council in an effort to make it more representative of L.A. residents. Another would enact a series of reforms to make the city Ethics Commission more independent and better able to guard against corruption. Candidates who win outright in the March election will be a part of those decisions, and they may still be on the docket by the time the runoffs are concluded in the general election. 

What seats are up for election?

The following districts are on the March 5 ballot: District 2, District 4, District 6, District 8, District 10, District 12 and District 14.

District 2

• State of the race: Current councilmember Paul Krekorian has been in office for 14 years, but can’t run again because of term limits
• Number of candidates: 7
  
  • Marin Ghandilyan
  • Manny Gonez
  • Jillian Burgos
  • Jon-Paul Bird
  • Adrin Nazarian
  • Sam Kbushyan
  • Rudy Melendez
• Where: East San Fernando Valley, spans from Toluca Lake to Van Nuys
• Key issues: Housing shortage, green space, mass transit
• Notable: Has the most Armenian American voters in the city; three of the seven candidates to replace Krekorian, who is Armenian American, are also Armenian American
• March outcome: If a candidate gets more than 50% of the vote, they’ll win the election outright. But it’s unlikely anyone will reach that threshold, so the top two candidates are probably headed to your November ballot. 

Go deeper: Get our full guide to the District 2 candidates and their positions on key issues
Follow the money: Track campaign contributions in District 2

District 4

• State of the race: Current councilmember Nithya Raman is running for a second term.
• Number of candidates: 3
  
  • Levon 'Lev' Baronian
  • Ethan Weaver
  • Nithya Raman
• Where: San Fernando Valley to the Santa Monica Mountains, including parts of Silver Lake, Los Feliz to the Hollywood Hills, Sherman Oaks to Encino, and parts of Studio City, Van Nuys, and Reseda
• Key issues: Housing affordability and homelessness
• Notable: Redistricting took effect in January 2022 and created new boundaries for District 4, meaning Raman is now representing a large number of constituents who never had the chance to vote for her before.
• March outcome: If a candidate gets more than 50% of the vote, they’ll win the election outright. Otherwise, the top two candidates will make the runoff on your November ballot. It’s a toss-up which way this race will go, since the district’s boundaries (and therefore many of its voters) are different than they were in 2020.

Go deeper: Get our full guide to the District 4 candidates and their positions on key issues
Follow the money: Track campaign contributions in District 4

District 6

• State of the race: Imelda Padilla, the newest member of the council, is defending the seat she won in a special election last June to replace former council president Nury Martinez.
• Number of candidates: 3
  
  • Ely De La Cruz Ayao
  • Imelda Padilla
  • Carmenlina Minasova
• Where: Sun Valley on the eastern edge of San Fernando Valley to Lake Balboa, west of the 405, including Arleta, Panorama City, Van Nuys, Sun Valley, Lake Balboa, and parts of North Hollywood and North Hills
• Key issues: Economic development, homelessness, pollution and noise from the Van Nuys airport, and responsiveness of city services for trash pickup and illegal dumping
• Notable: Martinez, who herself was elected to the district in a special election in 2013, resigned in October 2022 after being caught on tape making racist remarks in a conversation with two other city council members. The seat was vacant until a June 2023 special election in which Padilla was elected.
• March outcome: If a candidate gets more than 50% of the vote, they’ll win the election outright. Otherwise, the top two candidates will make the runoff on your November ballot. Given that Padilla was just elected a few months ago, it’s pretty likely this race will be decided in March.

Go deeper: Get our full guide to the District 6 candidates and their positions on key issues
Follow the money: Track campaign contributions in District 6

District 8

• State of the race: Current councilmember Marqueece Harris-Dawson is running for a third and final term. 
• Number of candidates: 3
  
  • Marqueece Harris-Dawson
  • Jahan Epps
  • Cliff Smith

• Where: South L.A., from the I-10 near West Adams at the north end of the district to Vermont Knolls in the south
• Key issues: Economic development, homelessness, public safety
• Notable: The L.A. City Council elected Harris-Dawson as president pro tem (second in command) of the council after Councilmember Curren Price stepped down amid corruption charges. Fifty-two percent of this district's registered voters are Black, the highest concentration of Black voters among all of the 15 council districts.
• March outcome: If a candidate gets more than 50% of the vote, they’ll win the election outright. Harris-Dawson, a popular incumbent, could reach that threshold. If he doesn't, the top two candidates are headed to your November ballot.

Go deeper: Get our full guide to the District 8 candidates and their positions on key issues
Follow the money: Track campaign contributions in District 8

District 10

• State of the race: Heather Hutt, who was appointed to the District 10 seat, is running for a full elected term.
• Number of candidates: 4
  
  • Heather Hutt
  • Eddie Anderson
  • Reggie Jones-Sawyer
  • Aura Vásquez
  • Grace Yoo
• Where: Central L.A., including Koreatown, Mid-City and West Adams
• Key issues: Homelessness and affordable housing
• Notable: Hutt was appointed to the position in September 2022 after the previous District 10 representative, Mark Ridley-Thomas, was indicted on federal corruption charges. Critics of Hutt's appointment say a special election, while costly, should have taken place to uphold the democratic process.
• March outcome: If a candidate gets more than 50% of the vote, they’ll win the election outright. Otherwise, the top two candidates will make the runoff on your November ballot. 

Go deeper: Get our full guide to the District 10 candidates and their positions on key issues
Follow the money: Track campaign contributions in District 10

District 12

• State of the race: Current councilmember John Lee is running for reelection. 
• Number of candidates: 2
  
  • John S. Lee
  • Serena Oberstein
• Where: San Fernando Valley, including Northridge, Chatsworth, Granada Hills, West Hills, Porter Ranch, Sherwood Forest, and portions of North Hills and Reseda
• Key issues: Housing affordability, homelessness, environmental issues
• Notable: District 12 is the largest city council district by geographic size. It’s been represented by Republicans for decades. Ethics is the central tension between incumbent John Lee and Serena Oberstein, the other candidate: the L.A. Ethics Commission recently accused Lee of accepting illegal gifts years ago as a Council staffer. Lee denies these claims. 
• March outcome: Since there are only two candidates in this election, there will be no November runoff. Whoever gets more than 50% of the votes in the March election will win the seat outright. 

Go deeper: Get our full guide to the District 12 candidates and their positions on issues
Follow the money: Track campaign contributions in District 12

District 14

• State of the race: Kevin De León has been representing the district since 2020 and is running for his second term.
• Number of candidates: 8
  
  • Genny Guerrero
  • Teresa Y. Hillery
  • Ysabel Jurado
  • Wendy Carrillo
  • Eduardo 'Lalo' Vargas
  • Miguel Santiago
  • Kevin De León
  • Nadine M. Diaz 
• Where: Northeast L.A., spanning Downtown L.A. to Highland Park. 
• Key issues: Restoring trust in government, housing affordability, homelessness (the district includes Skid Row)
• Notable: Wondering why trust in government is such a key issue? De León was one of the three councilmembers caught on tape in 2022 having a conversation tinged with racist remarks that centered on using the city’s redistricting process to amass more power. De León has faced continued calls to resign over his participation in that conversation. His predecessor, José Huizar, was suspended from the city council in 2020 after being arrested by federal agents. Huizar was recently sentenced to 13 years in prison for racketeering and tax evasion while in office. 
• March outcome: If a candidate gets more than 50% of the vote, they’ll win the election outright. Although it's often a safe bet that an incumbent will reach that 50% threshold, that seems unlikely here due to De León's fraught history. The top two candidates are probably headed to your November ballot.

Go deeper: Get our full guide to the District 14 candidates and their positions on key issues
Follow the money: Track campaign contributions in District 14